“Heroin” is a song by The Velvet Underground, released on their 1967 debut album, The Velvet Underground & Nico. Written by Lou Reed in 1964, the song, which overtly depicts heroin use and abuse, is one of the band’s most celebrated compositions. Critic Mark Deming writes, “While ‘Heroin’ hardly endorses drug use, it doesn’t clearly condemn it, either, which made it all the more troubling in the eyes of many listeners”.

In 2004, Rolling Stone ranked it #455 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. The song is included in The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame’s 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll.

And now you can sing along:

All of the plastic parts for the machine on the right were produced by the machine on the left. Adrian Bowyer (left) and Vik Olliver (right) are members of the RepRap project.The RepRap project started in in 2005 as a initiative to develop a low-cost that can print most of its own components, but it is now made up of hundreds of collaborators world wide. RepRap is short for rep licating rap id prototyper.As an, all of the designs produced by the project are released under a, the.Due to the ability of the machine to make some of its own parts, authors envisioned the possibility of cheap RepRap units, enabling the manufacture of complex products without the need for extensive industrial infrastructure. They intended for the RepRap to demonstrate in this process as well as for it to increase in number exponentially.

A preliminary study claimed that using RepRaps to print common products results in economic savings. Contents.History RepRap was founded in 2005 by Dr, a Senior Lecturer in at the in England. Funding was obtained from the.On 13 September 2006, the RepRap 0.2 prototype printed the first part identical to its own, which was then substituted for the original part created by a commercial 3D printer. On 9 February 2008, RepRap 1.0 'Darwin' made at least one instance of over half its rapid-prototyped parts. On 14 April 2008, RepRap made an end-user item: a clamp to hold an to the dashboard of a car.

By September that year, at least 100 copies had been produced in various countries. First part ever made by a RepRap to make a RepRap, fabricated by the Zaphod prototype, by Vik Olliver (2006/09/13)In April 2009, electronic circuit boards were produced automatically with a RepRap, using an automated control system and a swappable head system capable of printing both plastic and conductive solder. On 2 October 2009, the second generation design, called Mendel, printed its first part. Mendel's shape resembles a rather than a cube. Mendel was completed in October 2009. Double tuned crystal radio. On 27 January 2010, the announced the 'Kartik M.

Gada Humanitarian Innovation Prize' for the design and construction of an improved RepRap.On 31 August 2010, the third generation design was named Huxley. It was a miniature of Mendel, with 30% of the original print volume.

Within two years, RepRap and building and use were widespread in the technology, gadget and engineering communities.In 2012, the first successful Delta design, Rostock, had a radically different design. The latest iterations used, wires (typically Dyneema or Spectra fishing lines) instead of belts, and so forth, which also represented some of the latest trends in RepRaps. In early January 2016, RepRapPro (short for 'RepRap Professional', and one commercial arm of the RepRap project in the UK) announced that it would cease trading on 15 January 2016. The reason given was congestion of the market for low-cost 3D printers and the inability to expand in that market. RepRapPro China continues to operate. Adrian Bowyer talking about the RepRap Project at 2007RepRap was conceived as a complete replication system rather than simply a piece of hardware. To this end the system includes (CAD) in the form of a system and (CAM) software and drivers that convert RepRap users' designs into a set of instructions to the RepRap to create physical objects.Initially, two CAM tool chains were developed for RepRap.

Dysonics is releasing its Rappr immersive 3D audio environment for headphones. You could think of it as virtual reality, but for audio. Even though you are wearing headphones, the sound comes at you from different directions, just like in real life. The Rappr works. Perhaps 3D printing hasn't sparked a revolution, but Free said there've been 'new and exciting' developments in the materials printers use and the way the printed objects can be applied.

The first, called 'RepRap Host', was written in by lead RepRap developer Adrian Bowyer. The second, 'Skeinforge', was written by Enrique Perez. Both are complete systems for translating 3D computer models into, the machine language that commands the printer.Later, other programs like, were created. Recently, the Franklin firmware was created to allow RepRap printers to be used for other purposes such as milling and fluid handling.The closed source and are also used.Free and open-source 3-D modeling programs like, and are preferred in the RepRap community, but almost any CAD or 3D modeling program can be used with the RepRap, as long as it can produce files (slic3r also supports and files).

Thus, content creators make use of any tools they are familiar with, whether they are commercial CAD programs, such as and, or along with the.Replication materials. A timelapse video of a robot model (logo of ) being printed using on a, a delta-style printer.RepRaps print objects from, (PLA), (possibly not all extruders can), and similar.Polylactic acid (PLA) has the engineering advantages of high stiffness, minimal warping, and an attractive translucent colour. It is plant-derived and biodegradable.The mechanical properties of RepRap-printed PLA and ABS have been tested and are equivalent to the of parts made by proprietary printers.Unlike in most commercial machines, RepRap users are encouraged to experiment with materials and methods, and to publish their results. Methods for printing novel materials (such as ceramics) have been developed this way.

In addition, several have been designed and fabricated to convert waste plastic, such as shampoo containers and milk jugs, into inexpensive RepRap filament. Video of RepRap printing an objectThe stated goal of the RepRap project is to produce a pure self-replicating device not for its own sake, but rather to put in the hands of individuals anywhere on the planet, for a minimal outlay of capital, a system that would enable the individual to manufacture many of the artifacts used in everyday life. From a theoretical viewpoint, the project aims to prove the hypothesis that ' and direct writing technologies are sufficiently versatile to allow them to be used to make a '. Education applications RepRap technology has great potential in educational applications, according to some scholars. RepRaps have already been used for an educational mobile robotics platform. Some authors have claimed that RepRaps offer an unprecedented 'revolution' in education. The evidence comes from both the low cost of by students, and the fabrication of low-cost high-quality scientific equipment from designs forming.

See also.