.ProfessionPoliticianSignatureMilitary serviceAllegianceUnited StatesBranch/serviceYears of service1917 – 1919RankBattles/warsFiorello Henry La Guardia (; born Fiorello Enrico La Guardia, Italian pronunciation:; December 11, 1882 – September 20, 1947) was an American politician. He is best known for being the 99th for three terms from 1934 to 1945 as a. Previously he had been elected to in 1916 and 1918, and again from 1922 through 1930. Irascible, energetic, and charismatic, he craved publicity and is acclaimed as one of the greatest mayors in American history. Only five feet, two inches (1.57 m) tall, he was called 'the Little Flower' ( Fiorello is Italian for 'little flower').La Guardia, a Republican who appealed across party lines, was very popular in New York during the 1930s. As a, he supported President, a Democrat, and in turn Roosevelt heavily funded the city and cut off patronage for La Guardia's enemies.

La Guardia revitalized New York City and restored public faith in City Hall. He unified the transit system, directed the building of low-cost public housing, public playgrounds, and parks, constructed airports, reorganized the police force, defeated the powerful, and reestablished employment on merit in place of patronage jobs. La Guardia is also remembered for his WNYC radio program 'Talk to the People,' which aired from December 1941 until December 1945.La Guardia was seen as a domineering leader who verged on authoritarian but whose reform politics were carefully tailored to address the sentiments of his diverse constituency. He won elections against the historically corrupt political system, presided during the and, implemented welfare and public works programs in the city, and gave political support to immigrants and ethnic minorities.

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He was also supported by President Roosevelt. La Guardia was known as a reform mayor who helped clean out corruption, brought in experts, and made the city responsible for its own citizens. His administration engaged new groups that had been kept out of the political system, gave New York its modern infrastructure, and raised expectations to new levels of urban possibility. Contents.Early life and career La Guardia was born in in.

His father, Achille La Guardia, was a from, Italy, and his mother, Irene Luzzatto Coen, was a woman from, then part of the; his maternal grandmother Fiorina (Luzzatto) Coen was a, a member of the prestigious Italian-Jewish family of scholars, kabbalists, and poets and had among her ancestors the famous rabbi. It was in Trieste that Achille La Guardia met and married Irene. Fiorello La Guardia was raised an and practiced that religion all his life. His middle name 'Enrico' was anglicized to 'Henry' when he was a child.He moved to with his family, where his father had a position at in the. La Guardia attended public schools and high school in. After his father was discharged from his bandmaster position in 1898, Fiorello lived in.

He graduated from the, a private school on the Upper West Side of New York City.La Guardia joined the and served in U.S. Consulates in, Trieste (, now ), and Fiume (, now, ), (1901–1906). He returned to the United States to continue his education at. From 1907 to 1910, he worked as an for the at the immigration station.He graduated from in 1910, was admitted to the bar the same year, and began a law practice in New York City. Marriages and family La Guardia married twice. His first wife was Thea Almerigotti, an immigrant, whom he married on March 8, 1919.

In June 1920 they had a daughter, Fioretta Thea, who died May 9, 1921, of. His first wife died of on November 29, 1921, at the age of 26. In 1929 he married Marie Fisher (1895–1984) who had been his secretary while in Congress; they adopted two children, Eric Henry (born 1930) and Jean Marie (1928–1962), the biological daughter of Thea's sister. La Guardia between two Italian officers in front of a, c. 1918 Early political career Elected to Congress La Guardia became Deputy in January 1915. In 1916, he was elected to the, where he had a reputation as a fiery and devoted reformer. As a Representative, La Guardia represented an ethnically diverse slum district in and, although barred from important committee posts because of his political independence, he was a tireless and vocal champion of progressive causes.

La Guardia took office on March 4, 1917, but soon was commissioned into the; he rose to the rank of major in command of a unit of bombers on the in. He resigned his seat in Congress on December 31, 1919. He served as senior advisor to President Herbert Hoover from 1930–33.President of the Board of Aldermen. La Guardia during his time in, c. 1929In 1919 La Guardia was chosen to run as the Republican candidate for the office of President of the.

His Democratic opponent was, an alderman from who had succeeded to the Board presidency in 1918 when, who had been elected board president in 1917, became governor. Michael 'Dynamite Mike' Kelly, commander of New York's Third 'Shamrock' Battalion, also joined the race.

Looked with alarm upon Kelly's entrance into the campaign and tried to persuade him to withdraw his candidacy and throw his support behind Moran. When he refused, Tammany went to the and successfully sued to keep Kelly's name off the ballot. When Election Day arrived, over 3,500 of Kelly's supporters wrote Kelly's name on the ballot. This number was sufficient to defeat Moran, who lost to La Guardia by 1,363 votes. Immigration As the son of Italian immigrants and an interpreter on between 1907 and 1910, La Guardia had experienced how immigration policies affected the families that came to the United States. He wanted a change for the immigrants, especially with the immigrant medical examinations that took place on Ellis Island. His passion for justice among immigrants, and his ability to speak Italian, Yiddish, and Croatian helped him in his endeavor for justice amongst immigrant factory workers and set him on his path in public service.

Return to Congress Running as a Republican, La Guardia won a seat in Congress from the Italian stronghold of in 1922 and served in the House until March 3, 1933. A leading liberal reformer, La Guardia sponsored labor legislation and railed against immigration quotas. His major legislation was the, cosponsored with Nebraska senator in 1932.

It circumvented Supreme Court limitations on the activities of labor unions, especially as those limitations were imposed between the enactment of the in 1914 and the end of the 1920s. Based on the theory that the lower courts are creations not of the Constitution but of Congress, and that Congress therefore has wide power in defining and restricting their jurisdiction, the act forbids issuance of injunctions to sustain anti-union contracts of employment, to prevent ceasing or refusing to perform any work or remain in any relation of employment, or to restrain acts generally constituting component parts of strikes, boycotts, and picketing. It also said courts could no longer enforce, which are labor contracts prohibiting a worker from joining a union. Foreign policy Never an, he supported using American influence abroad on behalf of democracy or for national independence or against autocracy. Thus he supported the Irish independence movement and the anti-czarist of 1917, but did not approve of.

Unlike most progressive colleagues, such as Norris, La Guardia consistently backed, speaking in favor of the and the as well as peace and disarmament conferences. In domestic policies he tended toward and wanted to and regulate; however he was never close to the and never bothered to read.

Champion of the progressive movement As a congressman, La Guardia was a tireless and vocal champion of causes, from allowing more immigration and removing to speaking up for the rights and livelihoods of striking miners, impoverished farmers, oppressed minorities, and struggling families. He fought for, greater government oversight of, and national employment insurance for workers idled by the Great Depression. Prohibition La Guardia was one of the first Republicans to voice his opinion about, urging that the Dry cause 'would prove disastrous in the long run'. This was breaking a taboo, given the fact that both parties 'avoided taking a stand on prohibition issues' at the time.

Defeats in 1929 and 1932 As a Republican, La Guardia had to support in 1920; he had to be silent in the 1928 campaign although he favored, a Democrat. Mayor of New York 1933 election Walker and his Irish-run Tammany Hall were forced out of office by scandal and La Guardia was determined to replace him. First he had to win the nomination of both the Republican party and also the 'Fusion' group of independents. He was not the first choice of either, for they distrusted Italians.

On the other hand, La Guardia had enormous determination, high visibility, the support of reformer and the ability to ruin the prospects of any rival by a divisive primary contest. He secured the nominations and expected an easy win against hapless incumbent Mayor. However, at the last minute entered the race as the nominee of the new 'Recovery party'. McKee was a formidable opponent because he was sponsored by Bronx Democratic boss and apparently was opposed by President Franklin Roosevelt.

La Guardia made corruption his main issue. The campaign saw mud slung three ways, with La Guardia denounced as a far-left 'Red', O'Brien as a pawn of the bosses, and McKee as an anti-Semite. La Guardia's win was based on a complex coalition of regular Republicans (mostly middle class in the boroughs outside Manhattan), a minority of reform-minded Democrats, some Socialists, a large proportion of middle-class Jews, and the great majority of Italians. The Italians had been loyal to Tammany; their switch proved decisive. The grave of Fiorello La GuardiaLa Guardia was the director general for the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration in 1946.A man of short stature, La Guardia's height is sometimes given as 5 feet 0 inches (1.52 m). According to an article in, however, his actual height was 5 feet 2 inches (1.57 m).La Guardia was a, and was a member of Garibaldi Lodge #542, in New York City.He died of in his home at 5020 Goodridge Avenue, in, on September 20, 1947, aged 64.

La Guardia is interred at in the Bronx. Legacy La Guardia was ranked first among the nation's mayors in a 1993 poll of historians and social scientists.According to biographer Mason B. Williams, his close collaboration with Roosevelt's New Deal proved a striking success in linking national money and local needs. La Guardia enabled the political recognition of new groups that had been largely excluded from the political system, such as Jews and Italians.

His administration (in cooperation with Robert Moses) gave New York its modern infrastructure. His far-sighted goals raised ambitions for new levels of urban possibility. According to, trends since his tenure mean that 'people would be afraid of allowing anybody to take that kind of power'.

Memorials. The of Fiorello La GuardiaIn 1972 the honored La Guardia with a 14-cent postage stamp.New York's, and other parks and buildings around New York City are named for him.A strong supporter of Zionism, LaGuardia Street and LaGuardia interchange both in Tel Aviv, Israel, were named in his honor.A street in, Croatia is named after Fiorello LaGuardia. La Guardia worked in Rijeka as a U.S. Consular Agent from 1903 to 1906, when the city was known as Fiume and was under Hungarian administration. It was during this time that Rijeka's port played a vital role in connecting the Austro-Hungarian Empire to the United States, featuring direct passenger service between Rijeka and New York.Known for his love of music, La Guardia was noted for spontaneously conducting professional and student orchestras and was instrumental in the creation of the High School of Music & Art in 1936, now renamed the.La Guardia was a fictionalized character in many films – in La Guardia's ghost talks to New York Mayor Lenny (played by ). He was also the subject of the hit 1959 Broadway musical, portrayed by actor and in The Little Flower, portrayed. The original production of won 3 including, as well as a in 1960, and ran for two years from 1959 to 1961.See also., Manhattan., a study on in U.S.

Society. for votes in 1929, 1933, 1937 and 1941., 1930s–1940s.Notes.