Recently while performing a network-level penetration testing activity for one of the clients, I came across a vulnerability which was used to compromise almost all the systems in scope. In this article, we will learn how to exploit a weakly configured NFS share to gain access to remote host followed by the privilege escalation.Network File System (NFS): Network File System allows remote hosts to mount the systems/ directories over a network. An NFS server can export directory that can be mounted on a remote Linux machine.

htpc@MediaServer $ sudo systemctl start nfs-server sudo password for htpc: Job for nfs-server.service failed because the control process.

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Note the IP address of hosted machine by running “ifconfig” command. To simulate the exact scenario, I have modified the export directory from “/” (root) to “/home” under “/etc/exports” file. This file contains the configuration for NFS. After doing the changes, run the following command to restart the NFS service:sudo /etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server restartNow, let’s start our Kali Linux machine to perform the penetration testing.Step 1: Start with nmap service fingerprint scan on the IP address of the hosted machine:nmap -sV 192.168.100.25Step 2: The port scan result shows the port 2049 is open and nfs service is running on it.Step 3: Check if any share is available for mount using showmount tool in Kali:showmount -e 192.168.100.25The “home” directory is mountable. Note the asterisk sign in front of /home, which means every machine on the network is allowed to mount the /home folder of this machine.

If you see any IP address or IP range defined in front of the directory, that means only the machine with that specific IP or range is allowed to mount the directory which is a good security practice.Step 4: Create a new directory under tmp folder of Kali and run the following command to mount the home directory on this newly created directory.mkdir /tmp/infosecmount -t nfs 192.168.100.25:/home /tmp/infosecmount: To mount the folder/directory-t: Specifies the type of file system that performs the logical mount request. The NFS parameter must be used.192.168.100.25:/home: home folder of IP 192.168.100.25 to mount/tmp/infosec: The remote home folder to be mount on local /tmp/infosec folderOnce the command is executed, the following command can be used to check the directory mount:df -kStep 5: Navigate to /tmp/infosec directory and list the content. The content listed are from /home folder of the remote host.Step 6: Navigate to any user directory and locate the.ssh folder.

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This folder contains the public, private and authorized key for the SSH login for the specific user.Step 7: The approach here will be to create own SSH keys and append the newly created public key into the authorizedkey of the victim user. Then log into the remote host with the victim user and own password.To create an SSH key pair, we will use the ssh-keygen command on our attacking machine, i.e., Kali Linux. Follow the steps on screen, provide the file path and passphrase.

Pi@raspberry: $ sudo apt install nfs-kernel-serverReading package lists. DoneBuilding dependency treeReading state information.